Shannon's Model:
One of the earliest models of
communication that introduced was Claude Shannon's model. This was introduced
in 1948.This laid the foundation for the different communication models that we
have today, and has greatly helped and enhanced the communication process in
various fields. This model can be considered as the granddaddy of many later
communication models.
In Shannon model, the information source
typically refers to a person, who then sends a message with the use of a transmitter.
This transmitter could be any instrument today, from phones to computers and
other devices. The signals that are sent and received can be vary depending on
the method of communication. The box at the bottom called NOISE refers to any
signals that may interfere with the message being carried. This again would
depend on the method of communication. The receiver is the instrument or the
person on the other side that receives the. This model is the simplest models
to understand the workings of the communication process.
Berlo's Model:
Another famous communication model is Berlo's
model. In this model, he stresses on the relationship between the person
sending the message and the receiver. According to this model, for the message
to be properly encoded and decoded, the communication skills of both the source
and the receiver should be at best. The communication will be at its best only
if the two points are skilled. Berlo's model has four main components and each
component has its own sub components describing the assisting factors for each.
Schramm's Model:
Schramm on the other hand, emphasized in 1954
that both the sender and the receiver take turns playing the role of the
encoder and the decoder when it comes to communication. These models have been
followed by various other models such as the 'Helical' model, Aristotle's
models and several other models. You should always keep in mind that each of
these models has both their advantages and disadvantages. While some
communication models try to break down the whole process in order to make it
easier to understand, they are not always as simple as they seem.
There are several complexities involved in
communications models. This is one thing that needs to be carefully understood
in the process of understanding how these models work.
The Transactional Model (Barnlund):
Barnlund’s transactional model of
communication reflects the fact that we usually send and receive messages
simultaneously. It suggests that the communication process is fluid and
relational. The sender and receiver are mutually responsible for the effect and
the effectiveness of communication.
In the transactional model, personal fields
of experience still exist but they overlap with each other. This is an
important addition to the understanding of the communication process because it
demonstrates the existence of an active process. In the linear model, meaning
is sent from one person to another. In the interactional model, meaning is
achieved through a feedback mechanism. The transactional model takes the
meaning-making process one step further: it assumes that people build shared
meaning in their communication.
Reference:
Wiki of science, WWW.tutorials point.com
